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strongly correlated quantum spin liquid
Strongly correlated quantum spin liquid (SCQSL) is a specific realization of a possible quantum spin liquid (QSL)〔〔 representing a new type of strongly correlated electrical insulator (SCI) that possesses properties of heavy fermion metals〔〔 with one exception: it resists the flow of electric charge. At low temperatures T the specific heat of this type of insulator is proportional to Tn with n less or equal 1 rather than n=3, as it should be in the case of a conventional insulator when the heat capacity is proportional to T3. When a magnetic field B is applied to SCI the specific heat depends strongly on B, contrary to conventional insulators. There are a few candidates of SCI; the most promising among them is Herbertsmithite that is a mineral with chemical structure ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2.
== Specific properties ==
Exotic SCQSL’s are formed with such hypothetical particles as fermionic spinons carrying spin 1/2 and no charge. The experimental studies of Herbertsmithite ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2 single crystal have found no evidence of long range magnetic order or spin freezing indicating that Herbertsmithite is the promising system to investigate SCQSL. The planes of the Cu2+ ions can be considered as two-dimensional layers with negligible magnetic interactions along the third dimension. Experiments have found neither long range magnetic order nor glassy spin freezing down to temperature 50 mK〔〔 making Herbertsmithite the best candidate for QSL realization. Frustration of a simple kagome lattice leads to dispersionless topologically protected flat bands.〔〔 In that case fermion condensation quantum phase transition (FCQPT)〔 can be considered as quantum critical point (QCP) of Herbertsmithite. FCQPT creates SCQSL composed of chargeless fermions with spin=1/2 occupying the corresponding Fermi sphere with a finite Fermi momentum. Herbertsmithite's thermodynamic and relaxation properties are similar to those of heavy fermion metals and two-dimensional 3He.〔 The key features of the findings are the presence in Herbertsmithite of spin–charge separation and SCQSL formed with itinerant spinons. Herbertsmithite represents a fascinating example of SCI where particles-spinons, non-existing as free, replace the initial particles appearing in the Hamiltonian and define the thermodynamic and relaxation properties at low temperatures. Because of the spin-charge separation, heat transport, thermodynamic and relaxation properties at low temperatures of the SCI Herbertsmithite are similar to those of heavy-fermion metals rather than of insulators.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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